Historical Developments of Traditional and Modern Ethics Essay Example for Free

Historical Developments of Traditional and Modern Ethics Essay The discipline of ethics, also called moral philosophy, encompasses systematizing, defending, and recommending views of right and wrong behavior. Philosophers today typically segregate ethical theories into three universal subject matters: metaethics, normative ethics, and applied ethics. Metaethics explores where our ethical doctrines come from, and what they mean. Are they simply social innovations? Do they entail more than idioms of our individual emotions? Metaethical responses to these queries focus on the issues of universal realities, the will of God, the function of reason in ethical judgments, and the significance of ethical terms themselves. Normative ethics stands on a more practical task, which is to come up at moral standards that control right and wrong demeanor. This may require articulating the good habits that we should acquire, the duties that we should follow, or the consequences of our behavior on others. Finally, applied ethics involves probing precise controversial issues, such as abortion, infanticide, animal rights, environmental concerns, homosexuality, capital punishment, or nuclear war. By employing the theoretical tools of metaethics and normative ethics, deliberations in applied ethics try to resolve these controversial issues. The lines of distinction between metaethics, normative ethics, and applied ethics are often unclear. Each thoughtful person ought to be concerned about and fascinated in ethics. For the Christian, being moral is critical to a life that seeks to honor God. A lot of decisions made on a day-to-day basis entail questions of right and wrong. Ethics supply the basis on which one makes those decisions and the root of a moral choice is often as vital as the choice itself. Yet, few people have thought through the way they rationalize their conceptions of right and wrong. Ancient moral theory tries to offer a reflective account of an indispensable human activity so one can grasp what is of primary value in pursuing it. In historical order, the theories that influenced modern ethics today sprung from those of Socrates as offered in specific dialogues of Plato; Plato in the Republic; Aristotle; the Cynics; Cyrenaic hedonism; Epicurus; the Stoics; and Pyrrhonian skepticism. Ethics has been employed to economics, politics and political science, leading to quite a lot of distinct and unrelated fields of applied ethics, consisting of business ethics and Marxism. American corporate scandals such as Enron and Global Crossings are descriptive of the relationship between ethics and business. Ethics has been connected to family structure, sexuality, and how society examines the roles of individuals; leading to several distinct and unrelated fields of applied ethics, including feminism. Ethics has been applied to war, leading to the fields of pacifism and nonviolence. Often, such endeavors take legal or political shape before they are recognized as works of normative ethics. Of all the areas of philosophy, ethics is the one that seems most pertinent to us and it is no overstatement to say that everyone is engaged in ethical thought at most times in their lives, knowingly or otherwise (Newall, 2005).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   If ethical consideration is widespread as suggested above then it should come as no surprise that there were many thinkers in the past that put forward their ideas and tried to improve on what came before them. Numerous notions of ethics in the ancient world were based on or prejudiced by the Greeks, particularly Plato and Aristotle. The former thought that people were disposed to be good and desired happiness; the dilemma was to know what would bring about that good in the first place. Some philosophers used God as their foundation, others reason and still others both, but the leaning throughout was that the aim was attainable.   The history of this time is too complex for our purposes here; suffice to say that this movement continued: thinkers explicitly or implicitly influenced by the three assumptions tried to create systems while those who were not disagreed with them, sometimes with other propositions. Reference: Anscombe, Elizabeth Modern Moral Philosophy (1958), Philosophy, 1958, Vol. 33, reprinted in her Ethics, Religion and Politics (Oxford: Blackwell, 1981). Newall, Paul .The Galilean LibraryEthics (2005)http://www.galilean-library.org/int11.html.

life :: essays research papers

Life's Message A time comes in your life when you finally get it . . . when, in the midst of all your fears and insanity, you stop dead in your tracks and somewhere the voice inside your head cries out * ENOUGH! Enough fighting and crying or struggling to hold on. And, like a child quieting down after a blind tantrum, your sobs begin to subside, you shudder once or twice, you blink back your tears and begin to look at the world through new eyes. This is your awakening. You realize it's time to stop hoping and waiting for something to change, or for happiness, safety and security to come galloping over the next horizon. You come to terms with the fact that neither of you is Prince Charming or Cinderella and that in the real world there aren't always fairy tale endings (or beginnings for that matter) and that any guarantee of "happily ever after" must begin with you . . . and in the process a sense of serenity is born of acceptance. You awaken to the fact that you are not perfect and that not everyone will always love, appreciate or approve of who or what you are . . . and that's OK. They are entitled to their own views and opinions. And you learn the importance of loving and championing yourself . . . and in the process a sense of new found confidence is born of self-approval. You stop complaining and blaming other people for the things they did to you (or didn't do for you) and you learn that the only thing you can really count on is the unexpected. You learn that people don't always say what they mean or mean what they say and that not everyone will always be there for you and that it's not always about you. So, you learn to stand on your own and to take care of yourself ... and in the process a sense of safety and security is born of self-reliance. You stop judging and pointing fingers and you begin to accept people as they are and to overlook their shortcomings and human frailties...and in the process a sense of peace and contentment is born of forgiveness. You realize that much of the way you view yourself, and the world around you, is a result of all the messages and opinions that have been ingrained into your psyche.

Champion equality, diversity and inclusion Essay

1.1 Explain the models of practice that underpin equality, diversity and inclusion in own area of responsibility. Equality is to treat all as individuals; to respect race, disability, age, gender, religion, beliefs ,culture and sexual orientation. For all to be open to opportunities, to be treated fairly and respectfully, have rights and equal status in society and for all to reach their full potential. Diversity is to value that we are all unique and yet similar. We have different needs, interests, learning styles, language and personality etc. see more:identify examples of good practice in promoting equality and explain how and why they are effective Inclusion is to incorporate all of the above into our environment to participate in play and learning, to promote positive outcomes and the opportunity to grow and develop, to feel valued and empowered to succeed. Within the setting as a Director I come into contact with staff, visitors, parents, carers, children and other professionals on a daily basis. It is my responsibility whilst in contact with all these people and children that they feel that they’re treated respectfully and fairly As I am working in domiciliary care setting, my client group are people with mental and learning and people with physical disability. Both social and medical model have the implications on my client group. Service users are supported by care staff to promote their independence, to help them contact socialization with family, friends, and local communities, Care staffs are allocated to meet the cultural and social need of the service user to make a positive outcome in a person centered way. In case of any medical condition they seek medical intervention for the service users. 1.2 Analyze the potential effects of barriers to equality and inclusion in own area of responsibility There are many barriers to diversity and inclusion. The biggest ones are generally prejudice, culture and upbringing and religious beliefs. Prejudice is â€Å"a preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or personal  experience† those creating barriers to recognizing equality of rights for all. Cultural barriers can prevent, for example, consideration of spiritual, relational or dietary needs that do not conform with traditional expectations. Religious belief, where different religious beliefs are not taken into account and minorities are marginalized and not acknowledged. Other significant barriers could be structural, institutional and personal: Structural, where circumstances create or result in barriers People make the assumption about younger adult and consider all young people as a whole category rather than treating them as an individual. This type of stereotyping happens when people lack knowledge about equality and inclusion. The effects of barriers to employees are also high as they are excluded from their human right. Employer can easily discriminate those in terms of race, gender, sexual orientation and culture. 1.3 Analyze the impact of legislation and policy initiatives on the promotion of equality, diversity and inclusion in own area of responsibility My work place is committed to the promotion of equality, diversity and inclusion in policy and practice. It is committed in equal opportunity and also follows a common standard in respect of Race Relation (amendment) act 2000 in getting contract from council contractors. It also observes the code of practice of Commission for Racial Equality (CRE) in employment. Organization promote equality with respect to age, gender, race, disability religion , sexual orientation and establish a national common standard which is compliant to The Race Relation Act 1976 , as amended by The Race Relations (amended )act 2000. Under this law, organization carries out its function, it has due regard for the necessity to eliminate any unlawful discriminating and promote equal opportunity and harmonious race relation, it also follows the race relation code of practice for the elimination of racial discrimination and promote the equal opportunity in employment as approved by the parliament in 1983. It ensures that all employees and service users with or without disability, irrespective of background are treated equally and compliant to Disability discrimination act 1995. Under the sex discrimination act 1976, any staff  of service users has recourse and protection from any discrimination. Its policy is to protect the staff and service user from discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation under The Employment Equality (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2003. It ensures that men and women are same as per as pay is concern. Under Equal Pay Act 1970, organization’s policy is to make sure that man and women are treated equally and not discriminated in terms of their pay. To promote equality , diversity and inclusion in policy and practice , my work place also compliant to other legislation like, Human right act 1998, sex discrimination (gender reassignment) regulations 1999, Employment equality (religion belief) regulations 2003 , Disability discrimination amended act 2005, Equality act 2006, Racial and religious hatred act 2006. 2.1 promote equality, diversity and inclusion in policy and practice The organizations where I work promote equality, diversity and inclusion in both policy and practice. Staffs should regularly be reminded the importance of equality, diversity and inclusion in day to day practice. Staff should respect the choice, preference, ethnicity, origin, rights, and wishes of service users. Care staff should be allocated to service user to make sure that continuity of care is maintained. Staff would be selected against the service user in such a way which promotes the social and cultural need of service user. If possible, staff would be selected from same cultural and religious back ground and with same language spoken. Therefore care staff could appropriately relate to service user which ultimately lead to a positive person centered outcome. Care staff should promote independence, liaison with family members, friends, local community link for better social inclusion and to meet the wishes and choices of service users. Care staff would be aware of legislative impact while providing care in respect of religion, race age, disability, gender and sexuality. Race relation act 1976 and protection of harassment act 1997are in place to protect the vulnerable person. Disability discrimination act 2005 is also in place to protect person from discrimination because of disability. Sex discrimination act 1976 is to protect people from discrimination due to sexual orientation. Such other acts like, the Human Rights Act 1998 and Convention on the Rights  of the Child (UN, 1989) are in place to protect people from discrimination. 2.2 Challenge discrimination and exclusion in policy and practice The organizations where I work challenge discrimination and exclusion in both policy and practice. Staffs should regularly be reminded the importance of challenge discrimination and exclusion in day to day practice. In looking at this model I have found that many people have views that based on discrimination and prejudice they are embedded in today’s society, the attitudes and the surrounding environment often focuses on what a person lacks in terms of disability and focuses on condition or illness or a person’s lack of ability. To combat this prejudice within making space we use person centred care planning it is my responsibility to promote the use of this and to ensure that the support workers who deliver it are fully trained to do so. It is also vital that they have a good understanding of the model in order for them to work effectively with a service user. As a Director I am responsible for ensuring that the ethos within my team promotes equality and diversity every day, that the Support that is delivered within making space and any partnership working exercises good practice in this area this could be through training, policy and procedures, support plans, health files, as well as having a good understanding of equality & diversity. The staff are all expected to work in line with the Care Act, Mental Capacity Act 2005. Equality Act 2010, Human Rights Act 1998, 2.3 Provide others with information about: a) the effects of discrimination b) the impact of inclusion c) the value of diversity Effects include isolation, possible exclusion, demoralisation, marginalisation, situations where self-esteem, confidence and resilience  have the potential to be damaged. Forms of discrimination are gender, age, disability, sexuality, race, culture, religion ,poverty, education, personal features and English Is not first language. . In our care home we promote equal opportunity and we respect all the service users and their families. We help adults with language needs where English is not their first language which helps to ensure they can settle and adapt to our setting. Example (reading and singing in their language, books and talking with parents to find words we can use) Discrimination against anyone regardless of their needs can make them feel isolated and different to other. Very often adults with special needs have a very difficult time trying to fit in with other. Example: In our setting we promote inclusion and we treat everyone the same and explain to others â€Å"we are alike but different.† There are four areas of potential for the effect discrimination has †¢ Physical- Signs of poor health may manifest. self harming, attempting suicide, cutting, etc. Bullying might become physical and other types of abuse. †¢ Emotional – Emotional scars seem to run deep and are not healed easily. Could become to believe that persecutors are right, leading to a loss of self worth. Could lead to physical signs of trauma †¢ Social – lack of friends, social exclusion, no one to talk to about interests or plans for now and the future. Being treated as though someone doesn’t belong. Could lead to more emotional harm, physical harm, intellectual harm, etc. †¢ Intellectual – Not wanting to learn, withdrawing from places of learning. Not wanting to be around others unsafe behaviors Social inclusion in practice Promote and support access to social networks. Resolve transport issues so that they do not prevent people from participating in the wider community. Build links with community projects, community centres and schools to increase levels of social contact between  people from different generations. Identify, respect and use people’s skills, including the skills of older people gained in previous employment. Give people ordinary opportunities to participate in the wider community through person-centred care planning. Involve people in service planning and ensure ideas and suggestions are acted upon. We are promoting our service users to participate with the community by attending day centres, drama classes, arts and craft centres, keep in contact with friends and families.

Medical Marijuana Essay - 969 Words

[Medicinal Marijuana] [Heather Bryant] Communication and compostition (COM156) University of Phoenix, Axia College [October 20, 2012] Medicinal Marijuana use in the United States Although many individuals find medical marijuana illegal, and unnecessary, it is a natural herb used to help symptoms caused by chronic illnesses. Over three million Americans use medical marijuana. Medical marijuana is the most widely used drug used to treat chronic illnesses in seventeen states. The use of medical marijuana has been a controversial issue here in the United States. Although, there are healthcare professionals that do believe that the use of medical marijuana can be very beneficial for patients. Just as there†¦show more content†¦The physician will then decide if the use of marijuana will be beneficial. Medical marijuana has been proven to benefit patients who have multiple illnesses. The most common uses for medical marijuana are; pain relief, loss of appetite, depression, and diseases such as AIDS and cancer. TCH has been proven to block pain receptors in the brain. The blockage of these pain receptors allows patients dealing with chronic pain to have some relief. Medicinal marijuana also stimulates appetite, and relieves symptoms associated with depression, AIDS and cancer. This enables patients to not have to rely on the use of prescription pain pills such opiods. Meidcal marijuana is also less addictive, and has less physical side effects than other prescription pain relievers. Just as there are positive benefits associated with medical marijuana there are some health risks. First, marijuana is not regulated by the FDA. The FDA is the food and drug administration. They regulate medication and ensure the safety and risk associated with drugs. Without the FDA regulating medical marijuana there is no way for patients to know if they are getting correct information pertaining to the exact marijuana they are smoking, and if there may be additives or chemicals on the marijuana. This can be risky for patients, because marijuana comes in much different strength. The FDA has also found that dosing of medicalShow MoreRelatedMedical Marijuana Essay1174 Words   |  5 PagesMedical Marijuana Marijuana (cannabis) is a mixture of leaves, stems, and flowering tops of the Indian hemp plant Cannabis sativa. [4] Marijuana is thought by many to be harmful, but it has been proven in fact to be helpful for some people with certain illnesses. [4] When I first started looking into medical marijuana as my research subject, I was curious to see what people my age actually thought about marijuana. I asked twenty of my peers, ranging in age from seventeen to twenty-twoRead MoreMedical Marijuana Essay1059 Words   |  5 PagesMedical Marijuana One of the most controversial issues in the United States is over medical marijuana. Many experiments test the validity of the drug as a medicine, and results of these experiments receive much praise but also some critique. The DEA and the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORML) are battling over the issue. The underlying matter that cannot be ignored is that marijuana proves to be a useful medication for many patients, especially those with wastingRead MoreMedical Marijuana Essay938 Words   |  4 Pagesdecades America has associated marijuana with many things, and none of them ever any good. From the ‘60s with the hippie revolution, to today with criminals of all kinds, there have been numerous associations that are arguably unwarranted in this day and age. Why is it that we have such negative feelings about marijuana? In America today, the government considers it a Schedule I drug, meaning that it has a â€Å"high potential for abuse† and â€Å"no currently accepted medical use.† The problem with this classificationRead MoreEssay The Current Status of Medical Marijuana1929 Words   |  8 Pagesuse of marijuana for medical purposes. I will be exploring two papers, the first is Prohibition Works: Keeping Marijuana Illegal, the second is Legalization of Marijuana. In the paper Prohibition Works the author discusses numerous reasons marijuana should be kept illegal, and the second paper Legalization of Marijuana the author makes many valid points on why marijuana should be legalized for medical use. Michigan now joins 15 other states that have passed laws for consumption of marijuana for medicalRead MoreBenefits of Medical Marijuana Essay625 Words   |  3 Pagesthat can be prescribed for pain is medical marijuana. Even though it’s illegal in some states, but marijuana has become the most profitable and healing vital substance. Medical marijuana, also refer to as medical cannabis, is a good herbal thera py according to health practitioners(Medical marijuana for pain and depression). Medical marijuana has been around for centuries. Physicians back then used medical marijuana for illnesses and disorders(Medical marijuana for pain and depression). ThisRead MoreEssay on Against Medical Marijuana1413 Words   |  6 Pagessome controversy concerning smoking marijuana as a medicine. Many well-intentioned leaders and members of the public have been misled by the well-financed and organized pro-drug legalization lobby into believing there is merit to their argument that smoking marijuana is a safe and effective medicine. A review of the scientific research, expert medical testimony, and government agency findings shows this to be erroneous. There is no justification for using marijuana as a medicine. Read MoreEssay on Legalizing Medical Marijuana1254 Words   |  6 PagesShould medical marijuana be legal across the United States? Imagine a world where individuals who have chronic pain did not have to suffer anymore. Envision a cure for cancer, a disease many Americans are killed by daily. Picture people with severe, violent mood disorders being treated. Most people think the answers to these problems are simple and could be solved by over medicating patients. Today, there are twenty states in America who have legalized medical marijuana for specific health and medicalRead MoreEssay on The Benefits Of Medical Marijuana929 Words   |  4 PagesThe Benefits Of Medical Marijuana Are you sick of hearing your girlfriend nagging you about letting go of your pot pasttime? Have you been hearing a lot of negative things about the use of marijuana lately? Would you like to know what the real deal is behind the use of this infamous drug? Then read on because youre in for a surprise. One of the saddest things in North America is the lack of clinical trials on marijuana use. Many other countries in the world have already performed such testsRead MoreBenefits of Medical Marijuana Essay990 Words   |  4 Pages Legalizing Marijuana Marijuana is a very controversial and obtrusive issue in our society today. Although many have made malicious remarks about it in the past, and even still in the present, the truth and beneficial facts of marijuana are finally resurfacing. Unfortunately, our society has become a very critical crowd towards the legalization of marijuana due to the stereotypical view of the kind of people who are considered â€Å"pot smokers†. This contorted perception of a lazy and unmotivated AmericaRead MoreEssay on Medical Marijuana Policy1310 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction In the United States, marijuana for medical purposes has gained more prevalence in current political discourse than in previous years. Marijuana, also known as cannabis, is a flowering plant that originally came from South and Central Asia. For centuries, the cannabis plant has been used for many natural products such as seed oils, seed, fiber that is used to make hemp products and contains over four hundred chemicals, some of which have an antibiotic like effect (Nordqvist